CLI Reference

The EmDash CLI provides commands for database setup, type generation, creating and editing content, schema management, media, and site export and import.

Installation

The CLI is included with the emdash package. Install it with the following command:

npm install emdash

Run commands with npx emdash or add scripts to package.json. The binary is also available as em for brevity.

Start your site with its package script, such as pnpm dev. The package script starts Astro; the EmDash integration generates emdash-env.d.ts, while the runtime runs pending migrations on the first request and, before setup is completed, applies the bundled seed’s schema and structure once. Sample content from the seed is applied only when an administrator chooses it in the setup wizard.

Authentication

Commands that connect to a running EmDash instance resolve authentication in this order:

1. --token flag — explicit token on the command line
2. EMDASH_TOKEN env var
3. Stored credentials from ~/.config/emdash/auth.json (saved by emdash login)
4. Dev bypass — if the URL is localhost and no token is available, automatically authenticates via the dev bypass endpoint

The types, whoami, content, schema, media, search, taxonomy, menu, and site commands connect to a running instance. Authentication commands have their own connection options. When targeting a local development server, no token is needed.

Common flags

Connection flags vary by command. The grouped commands below mean every subcommand in that group.

Flag	Alias	Available on	Description and default
--url	-u	types, login, logout, whoami, content, schema, media, search, taxonomy, menu, site	Instance URL; defaults to EMDASH_URL or http://localhost:4321
--token	-t	types, whoami, content, schema, media, search, taxonomy, menu, site	Token from the flag, EMDASH_TOKEN, or stored credentials
--header "Name: Value"	-H	types, login, content, schema, media, search, taxonomy, menu, site	Repeatable header merged with EMDASH_HEADERS and stored headers
--json		whoami, content, schema, media, search, taxonomy, menu, site	Write raw JSON instead of terminal-formatted output

Output

When a command writes results to an interactive terminal, it formats them for reading. The commands listed with --json above write raw JSON when the flag is set or their output is piped. emdash migrate emits JSON only with its explicit --json option.

Commands

emdash init

Initialize a local SQLite database from the template metadata in package.json. The command runs core migrations, then applies the optional SQL file named by emdash.schema. Run emdash seed separately for JSON seed data.

npx emdash init [options]

Option	Alias	Description	Default
--database	-d	SQLite database path	./data.db
--cwd		Project working directory	Current directory
--force	-f	Reapply the template schema when collections already exist	false

Without --force, an initialized database is left unchanged. This command opens a local SQLite file directly; use emdash migrate for deployment-managed D1, PostgreSQL, libSQL, or Hyperdrive migrations.

emdash doctor

Check a local SQLite database for connection, migration, collection, table, and user problems. If the project has a Wrangler configuration, the command also checks that a Cron Trigger and EmDash scheduled() handler are configured together.

npx emdash doctor [options]

Option	Alias	Description	Default
--database	-d	SQLite database path	./data.db
--cwd		Project working directory	Current directory
--json		Emit structured results	false

The command reports each check as pass, warning, or failure and exits non-zero when a check fails.

emdash seed

Validate or apply a JSON seed to a local SQLite database. The command uses the positional path when provided, then .emdash/seed.json, then the emdash.seed path from package.json.

npx emdash seed [path] [options]

Option	Alias	Description	Default
--database	-d	SQLite database path	./data.db
--cwd		Project working directory	Current directory
--validate		Validate the seed without changing the database	false
--no-content		Skip entries, bylines, and taxonomy terms	false
--on-conflict		Handle existing records with skip, update, or error	skip
--uploads-dir		Local directory used for seed media	./uploads
--media-base-url		Base URL stored for local seed media	/_emdash/api/media/file

Applying a seed runs core migrations first. Use --validate in continuous integration when you need to check the file without opening or creating the database.

emdash migrate

Check or apply the core migration set emitted by an Astro build.

npx emdash migrate [options]
npx emdash migrate --check [options]
npx emdash migrate --status --json [options]
npx emdash migrate --release-lock <id> [options]

By default the command discovers the project root and reads .emdash/migrations.json. It validates the manifest against the project’s installed EmDash package, resolves the adapter’s project-local executor, and prints the immutable target before any SQL.

Options

Option	Description
--check	Apply nothing; exit non-zero for pending or unknown migration records
--status	Report exact status without applying; exit zero after a successful report
--json	Emit the stable migration report as JSON
--manifest <path>	Read a non-standard manifest path
--from-config	Explicitly evaluate trusted Astro configuration instead of a manifest
--config <path>	Astro config path used with --from-config
--expected-target-fingerprint <sha256>	Required guard for non-interactive apply or lock release
--release-lock <id>	Release the D1 migration lock with the id that --status reports; cannot be combined with --check or --status
--database <path>	Override a SQLite path
--database-url-env <name>	Override a PostgreSQL connection-variable name
--d1 <uuid-or-name>	Select a D1 database explicitly
--account-id <id>	Select a Cloudflare account explicitly
--wrangler-config <path>	Read D1 binding metadata from an explicit Wrangler config
--wrangler-env <name>	Select an environment; requires --wrangler-config

Interactive human-readable apply and lock release ask for confirmation. Non-interactive apply or lock release, and every apply or lock release using --json, require the exact fingerprint printed for the target. There is no down or --dry-run; use --check to determine whether work is required.

Exit codes

Code	Meaning
0	Success, including a successful --status report
1	Validation, configuration, target, migration, or cleanup error
2	--check found pending known migrations
3	--check found unknown applied records (takes precedence over pending)
4	Confirmation missing, declined, or target fingerprint mismatch
130	Interrupted after bounded executor cleanup

See Manage Core Database Migrations for deployment order, target credentials, and the D1 migration lock.

emdash types

Generate TypeScript types from a running EmDash instance’s schema.

npx emdash types [options]

Options

Option	Alias	Description	Default
--url	-u	EmDash instance URL	http://localhost:4321
--token	-t	Auth token	From env or stored credentials
--header	-H	Custom request header; repeatable	From env or stored credentials
--json		Accepted but does not change this command’s files or progress output	—
--output	-o	Output path for types	.emdash/types.ts
--cwd		Working directory	Current directory

Examples

# Generate types from local dev server
npx emdash types

# Generate from remote instance
npx emdash types --url https://example.com

# Custom output path
npx emdash types --output src/types/emdash.ts

Behavior

1. Fetches the schema from the instance
2. Generates TypeScript type definitions
3. Writes types to the output file
4. Writes schema.json alongside for reference

emdash login

Log in to an EmDash instance using OAuth Device Flow.

npx emdash login [options]

Options

Option	Alias	Description	Default
--url	-u	EmDash instance URL	http://localhost:4321
--header	-H	Custom request header; repeatable	From EMDASH_HEADERS

Behavior

1. Discovers auth endpoints from the instance
2. If localhost and no auth configured, uses dev bypass automatically
3. Otherwise initiates OAuth Device Flow — displays a code and opens your browser. After you enter the code, the admin page lists the permissions the CLI will receive, and any requested permissions your role does not allow, before you approve.
4. Polls for authorization, then saves credentials to ~/.config/emdash/auth.json

Saved credentials are used automatically by all subsequent commands targeting the same instance.

emdash logout

Log out and remove stored credentials.

npx emdash logout [options]

Options

Option	Alias	Description	Default
--url	-u	EmDash instance URL	http://localhost:4321

emdash whoami

Show the current authenticated user.

npx emdash whoami [options]

Options

Option	Alias	Description	Default
--url	-u	EmDash instance URL	http://localhost:4321
--token	-t	Auth token	From env/stored creds
--json		Output as JSON

Displays email, name, role, auth method, and instance URL.

emdash content

Manage content items. All subcommands use the remote API via EmDashClient.

content list <collection>

npx emdash content list posts
npx emdash content list posts --status published --limit 10

Option	Description
--status	Filter by status
--locale	Filter by locale
--limit	Maximum items
--cursor	Pagination cursor

content get <collection> <id>

npx emdash content get posts 01ABC123
npx emdash content get posts 01ABC123 --raw

Option	Description
--locale	Locale to use when the ID argument is a slug
--raw	Return raw Portable Text instead of Markdown
--published	Ignore a pending draft and return published data only

The response includes a _rev token. Pass it to content update to confirm you have seen the current state before overwriting it.

content create <collection>

npx emdash content create posts --data '{"title": "Hello"}'
npx emdash content create posts --file post.json --slug hello-world
cat post.json | npx emdash content create posts --stdin

Option	Description
--data	JSON string with content data
--file	Read data from a JSON file
--stdin	Read data from stdin
--slug	Content slug
--locale	Content locale
--translation-of	ID of a content item to link this as a translation of
--draft	Keep as draft instead of auto-publishing

Provide data via exactly one of --data, --file, or --stdin. New items are auto-published unless --draft is set.

content update <collection> <id>

You must provide the _rev token from a prior get to prove you have seen the current state. This prevents overwriting changes you have not seen. The following steps read an item, then update it with that token:

# 1. Read the item, note the _rev
npx emdash content get posts 01ABC123

# 2. Update with the _rev from step 1
npx emdash content update posts 01ABC123 \
  --rev MToyMDI2LTAyLTE0... \
  --data '{"title": "Updated"}'

Option	Description
--rev	Revision token from get (required)
--data	JSON string with content data
--file	Read data from a JSON file
--locale	Locale to use when the ID argument is a slug
--draft	Keep the update as a draft instead of auto-publishing
--override-lock	Write even though another editor has the entry open

If the item has changed since your get, the server returns 409 Conflict — re-read and try again.

If someone has the entry open in the admin, the server returns 409 with code ENTRY_LOCKED and a message that names the holder. Wait for them to finish, or pass --override-lock. The same flag is available on content delete, content publish, content unpublish and content schedule.

content delete <collection> <id>

npx emdash content delete posts 01ABC123

Soft-deletes the content item (moves to trash).

Pass --override-lock to delete an entry that another editor has open.

content publish <collection> <id>

npx emdash content publish posts 01ABC123

Pass --override-lock to publish an entry that another editor has open.

content unpublish <collection> <id>

npx emdash content unpublish posts 01ABC123

Pass --override-lock to unpublish an entry that another editor has open.

content schedule <collection> <id>

npx emdash content schedule posts 01ABC123 --at 2026-03-01T09:00:00Z

Option	Description
--at	ISO 8601 datetime with Z or an explicit UTC offset (required)

Pass --override-lock to schedule an entry that another editor has open.

content restore <collection> <id>

npx emdash content restore posts 01ABC123

Restores a trashed content item.

content translations <collection> <id>

List every translation in the entry’s translation group:

npx emdash content translations posts 01ABC123

The result includes each translation’s ID, locale, slug, status, and whether it is the requested entry.

emdash schema

Manage collections and fields.

schema list

npx emdash schema list

Lists all collections.

schema get <collection>

npx emdash schema get posts

Shows a collection with all its fields.

schema create <collection>

npx emdash schema create articles --label Articles
npx emdash schema create articles --label Articles --label-singular Article --description "Blog articles"

Option	Description
--label	Collection label (required)
--label-singular	Singular label
--description	Collection description

schema delete <collection>

npx emdash schema delete articles
npx emdash schema delete articles --force

Option	Description
--force	Skip confirmation

Prompts for confirmation unless --force is set.

schema add-field <collection> <field>

npx emdash schema add-field posts body --type portableText --label "Body Content"
npx emdash schema add-field posts featured --type boolean --required

Option	Description
--type	Field type: string, text, url, number, integer, boolean, datetime, select, multiSelect, portableText, image, file, reference, json, slug, or repeater (required)
--label	Field label (defaults to field slug)
--required	Whether the field is required

schema remove-field <collection> <field>

npx emdash schema remove-field posts featured

emdash media

Manage media items.

media list

npx emdash media list
npx emdash media list --mime image/png --limit 20

Option	Description
--mime	Filter by MIME type
--limit	Number of items
--cursor	Pagination cursor

media upload <file>

npx emdash media upload ./photo.jpg
npx emdash media upload ./photo.jpg --alt "A sunset" --caption "Taken in Bristol"

Option	Description
--alt	Alt text
--caption	Caption text

media get <id>

npx emdash media get 01MEDIA123

media delete <id>

npx emdash media delete 01MEDIA123

media repair-usage

Repair content media usage indexes for one collection or for every content collection. Use this after imports or direct database writes when usage coverage is stale or untrusted.

npx emdash media repair-usage --collection posts
npx emdash media repair-usage --all
npx emdash media repair-usage --all --json

Option	Alias	Description
--collection	-c	Repair one content collection
--all		Repair every content collection

Pass exactly one of --collection or --all. Remote repair requires an Admin user and an auth token with the admin scope.

All-content repair runs synchronously and can be slow or expensive on large sites. Prefer --collection when you only need to repair one collection.

Structured complete, partial, and stale repair results exit 0; structured failed results exit 1. Automation and cron jobs should use --json and parse status, failedSourceCount, skippedSourceCount, and per-collection summaries instead of treating exit 0 as complete coverage.

emdash search

Full-text search across content.

npx emdash search "hello world"
npx emdash search "hello" --collection posts --limit 5

Option	Alias	Description
--collection	-c	Filter by collection
--locale		Filter by locale
--limit	-l	Maximum results

emdash taxonomy

Manage taxonomies and terms.

taxonomy list

npx emdash taxonomy list

taxonomy terms <name>

npx emdash taxonomy terms categories
npx emdash taxonomy terms tags --limit 50

Option	Alias	Description
--limit	-l	Maximum terms
--cursor		Pagination cursor

taxonomy add-term <taxonomy>

npx emdash taxonomy add-term categories --name "Tech" --slug tech
npx emdash taxonomy add-term categories --name "Frontend" --parent 01PARENT123

Option	Description
--name	Term label (required)
--slug	Term slug (defaults to slugified name)
--parent	Parent term ID (for hierarchical taxonomies)

emdash menu

Manage navigation menus.

menu list

npx emdash menu list

menu get <name>

npx emdash menu get primary

Returns the menu with all its items.

emdash site

Export a whole site to a .emdash site package, and import a package into an empty site. The site transfer guide explains what a package contains, what the target site needs, and how to read an import plan.

The token needs the admin scope, which the emdash login token has, or the matching transfer scopes: transfer:export to export, and transfer:analyze and transfer:execute to import. A token without them fails with INSUFFICIENT_SCOPE.

Progress messages always go to stderr, and the result goes to stdout. With --json, or when stdout is not a terminal, stdout contains only the JSON result. An error is written as { "error": { "code": "…", "message": "…" } }. The codes are the server’s error codes, plus INVALID_ARGUMENT for bad flags, PACKAGE_FILE_REQUIRED when a resumed import still needs the package file, and UNKNOWN_ERROR.

The commands retry network failures and 408, 429, and 5xx responses with backoff.

site export

Export the site and write it to a package file:

npx emdash site export --output site.emdash

Option	Alias	Description	Default
--output	-o	Package file to write (required)
--no-comments		Leave comments and comment reactions out	Comments included

The command starts an export, advances it until it completes, and downloads the package file by file. It checks that the downloaded manifest matches the export’s package digest, and fails with TRANSFER_PACKAGE_DIGEST_MISMATCH before writing anything if it does not. It checks each file’s size and SHA-256 digest before writing it. The package is written to <output>.partial and renamed to the output path when it is complete.

The command keeps its progress in <output>.partial.json and the downloaded files in the <output>.parts/ directory. Run the same command again after an interruption to resume the same export; files already downloaded are checked and reused, and the command reports how many it reused. Both are deleted when the package is written. The progress file is ignored when it was written for another URL or another comments setting, or when its export failed or expired; the command then starts a new export.

The JSON result contains operationId, output, packageDigest, files, bytes, and resumed.

site import <file>

Import a package in two steps. Analyze it first, then confirm the plan digest that analysis printed:

npx emdash site import site.emdash --analyze
npx emdash site import site.emdash --plan sha256:3f1c… --confirm

Option	Description
--analyze	Upload the package, analyze it, and print the import plan
--map-principal <from>=<to>	With --analyze: map a package principal, by ID or email address, to a site user by ID or email address, or to none. Repeatable
--use-target-title	With --analyze: keep this site’s title instead of the package’s
--use-target-tagline	With --analyze: keep this site’s tagline instead of the package’s
--plan <digest>	The plan digest to execute, as sha256:<hex> or bare hex. Requires --confirm
--confirm	Execute the plan given by --plan. Requires --plan
--yes	Alias -y. With cancel or abandon: skip the confirmation prompt

--analyze verifies the whole package file locally, then finds the site’s existing import of the same package or creates one. It uploads the files the site does not have yet, runs analysis, and prints the plan: the package and plan digests, record counts, sizes, the title and tagline choice, each principal and its mapping, the transformations under “Differences from the source site”, the warnings, and the blockers. If an earlier import of the same package failed, was cancelled or abandoned, or expired, the command warns and starts a new import.

Decisions are stored with the import, so a later --analyze run without decision flags keeps them. Each change of decisions produces a new plan digest. Decisions cannot be combined with --plan, and --plan cannot be combined with --analyze.

--plan <digest> --confirm executes the import only when the digest matches the current plan, then advances it until it completes and prints the receipt. If the plan changed since you reviewed it, the command fails with TRANSFER_PLAN_DIGEST_MISMATCH; analyze again and confirm the new digest.

The JSON result of --analyze contains operationId, state, packageDigest, planDigest, executable, and the full plan. The JSON result of --confirm contains operationId, state (complete), receipt, and receiptDigestValid, which reports whether the receipt’s receiptDigest matches its contents.

These forms operate on an import by its operation ID:

Command	Description
emdash site import status <operation-id>	Print the import’s state, stage, progress, digests, and error, and how many files are uploaded. The JSON result is { operation, files: { declared, verified } }.
emdash site import resume <operation-id> [file]	Continue the import from its current state: finish uploading, finish analysis and print the plan, or finish execution and print the receipt. Pass the package file only while the import is still uploading.
emdash site import receipt <operation-id>	Print the receipt of a complete import, in the same shape as --confirm.
emdash site import cancel <operation-id>	Cancel the import. A running import stops after its current batch; what it already wrote stays on the site.
emdash site import abandon <operation-id>	Lift the write block that a failed or cancelled import leaves on the site. What the import wrote is not deleted, so reset the site or set up a new one before importing again.

cancel and abandon ask for confirmation. Pass --yes to skip the prompt; the prompt is also skipped with --json or when stdout is not a terminal. When stdin is not a terminal and neither applies, the command fails with INVALID_ARGUMENT. Declining the prompt changes nothing and exits with code 1. The JSON result of both is { operationId, state, operation }.

The import commands exit with these codes:

Code	Meaning
0	Success. For status, an import that is in progress or complete
1	An error, a declined prompt, an import that ended without a receipt, or a receipt whose digest does not match. For status, an import that failed, was cancelled or abandoned, or expired
2	Analysis finished, but the plan has blockers

emdash export-seed

Export database schema and content as a seed file. Works directly on a local SQLite file.

The database must have every migration known to the installed EmDash version. If the command reports pending migrations, run npx emdash migrate, then export again. If the database was migrated by a newer EmDash version, upgrade the installed version before exporting. The export opens the database read-only and never applies migrations itself.

npx emdash export-seed [options] > seed.json

Options

Option	Alias	Description	Default
--database	-d	Database file path	./data.db
--cwd		Working directory	Current directory
--with-content		Include content (all or comma-separated collections)
--pretty / --no-pretty		Enable or disable indented JSON output	Pretty output enabled
--media-base-url		Public URL of the site, used to write absolute $media URLs

Output format

The exported seed file includes:

• Settings: Site title, tagline, social links
• Collections: All collection definitions with fields
• Block types: Every retained version and each type’s active version pointer
• Taxonomies: Taxonomy definitions and terms
• Menus: Navigation menus with items
• Redirects: Redirect rules with status 301, 302, 307, or 308
• Widget Areas: Widget areas and widgets
• Sections: Reusable content blocks
• Content (if requested): Entries with $media references and $ref: syntax for portability

Scheduled entries are exported as drafts, because a seed has no field for a publish time. The export leaves out, with a warning on stderr, anything emdash seed would reject: redirect rules with status 410 or 451, extra rules that share a source (possible in older databases), and sections whose slug contains characters other than lowercase letters, digits, and hyphens.

Media URLs

emdash seed downloads each $media URL and uploads the file to the target site’s storage, so it needs an absolute http or https URL it can reach. Pass the source site’s public URL to write absolute URLs:

npx emdash export-seed --with-content=all --media-base-url=https://example.com > seed.json

The site must serve its media from /_emdash/api/media/file/ under that URL while the seed is applied, and the URL must not point at localhost or a private network address, which emdash seed refuses to download from. Without --media-base-url, $media URLs are site-relative paths that emdash seed skips, leaving the fields empty, and the export prints a warning on stderr.

Image and file fields, and image sub-fields of repeaters, are exported as $media references. Images inside Portable Text fields keep their stored media ID and URL, which do not resolve on a different site.

emdash secrets

Generate and inspect the key used to encrypt plugin secrets.

secrets generate

Generate an EMDASH_ENCRYPTION_KEY for your deployment. The key is used to encrypt plugin secrets at rest.

npx emdash secrets generate

Prints the new key to stdout. Pipe it into your secret store, or write it straight to your local .env file with --write. Wrangler and the Cloudflare Vite plugin read that file in local development. A standalone Node server does not load .env automatically; load it through the process manager or provide the key through the server’s process environment. The Node.js deployment guide shows the local command.

npx emdash secrets generate --write .env

--write refuses to overwrite an existing entry without --force. To rotate a deployment with existing encrypted data, prepend the generated key to the existing value and separate the keys with a comma. EmDash encrypts new values with the first key and uses older entries for decryption by kid. Re-save every plugin secret before removing an old key. EmDash does not currently list the key IDs still used by stored settings, so keep an inventory of the credentials you resave and verify each integration before removing its old key.

secrets fingerprint <key>

Print the 8-character fingerprint (kid) of a key without exposing its value. This is useful in CI for verifying the right key was deployed. The following command prints a key’s fingerprint:

npx emdash secrets fingerprint emdash_enc_v1_...

Generated files

emdash-env.d.ts

The Astro integration generates emdash-env.d.ts in the project root when the local development server starts. It refreshes the file after schema changes made through the running development site. The declarations augment EmDashCollections, so calls such as getEmDashCollection("posts") infer the fields defined in the local database.

This file is automatic and belongs to the local Astro development workflow. You do not need to run emdash types to create it.

.emdash/types.ts

The emdash types command fetches a running instance’s schema and writes standalone TypeScript interfaces. Use it when the schema lives on a remote EmDash instance, when tooling needs a file at a custom path, or when the local Astro development server is not running:

.emdash/types.ts

// Generated by EmDash CLI
// Do not edit manually - run `emdash types` to regenerate

import type { PortableTextBlock } from "emdash";

export interface Post {
  id: string;
  slug: string | null;
  status: string;
  title: string;
  content?: PortableTextBlock[];
  createdAt: Date;
  updatedAt: Date;
  publishedAt: Date | null;
  bylines?: ContentBylineCredit[];
  terms?: Record<string, TaxonomyTerm[]>;
}

The remote output contains standalone collection interfaces and does not augment EmDashCollections. It changes only when you run emdash types; emdash-env.d.ts uses module augmentation and refreshes as part of local development.

Caution

The current remote output always includes bylines and terms, but does not import their ContentBylineCredit and TaxonomyTerm types. Add both names to the generated import type line before type-checking the file. Running emdash types again overwrites that manual fix.

.emdash/schema.json

The command also writes a raw schema export named schema.json beside the selected TypeScript output. With the default output path, the file is .emdash/schema.json:

.emdash/schema.json

{
  "version": "a1b2c3d4",
  "collections": [
    {
      "slug": "posts",
      "label": "Posts",
      "fields": [...]
    }
  ]
}

Environment variables

Variable	Description
EMDASH_DATABASE_URL	Override database URL
EMDASH_TOKEN	Auth token for remote operations
EMDASH_URL	Default URL for commands using the shared remote client
EMDASH_HEADERS	Newline-separated custom request headers for the shared remote client and login
EMDASH_ENCRYPTION_KEY	Key for encrypting plugin secrets at rest. Operator-provided — never stored in the database. Generate with emdash secrets generate.
EMDASH_PREVIEW_SECRET	Optional override for preview HMAC secret. When unset, EmDash generates and persists one in the options table.
EMDASH_IP_SALT	Optional override for the commenter-IP hash salt. When unset, EmDash generates and persists one in the options table.
EMDASH_AUTH_SECRET	Legacy. Used as the IP-salt source if set, so existing installs keep stable commenter-IP hashes across upgrade. New installs should not set this.

Package scripts

Add common commands as package.json scripts for convenience:

package.json

{
  "scripts": {
    "dev": "astro dev",
    "types": "emdash types",
    "export-seed": "emdash export-seed",
    "db:reset": "rm -f data.db"
  }
}

General exit codes

Most commands use 0 for success and 1 for an error. emdash migrate also uses codes 2, 3, 4, and 130 for the specific outcomes listed in its exit-code table. emdash site import uses 2 when the import plan has blockers.

Code	Description
0	Success
1	Error (configuration, network, database)